Do You Have Skin Problems?
The skin is the largest organ in the body. It is composed of a superficial protective barrier that is designed to prevent the outside environment from gaining access to the interior. It contains various glands, nerves and blood vessels important in maintaining normal bodily functions. When something goes awry, it is often easily visible during an examination of the skin.
Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, is caused by the return of a chickenpox infection from latently infected nerve cells in the spinal cord or brain. It begins as a painful sensation which is often mistaken for a musculoskeletal injury. It is soon followed within one or two days by a red, blistering unilateral (one-sided) rash distributed to the skin supplied by a sensory nerve (a dermatome). Zoster tends to occur most often in the elderly and can be prevented with a vaccination. Treatment with antiviral drugs within 48 hours of the onset of the eruption limits the development of a persistent, severe pain (neuralgia) at the site of the eruption.
Hives (Urticaria)
Hives, also known as urticaria, is a very common allergic skin condition due to antibodies in the bloodstream that recognize foreign chemicals. This eruption appears suddenly anywhere on the body as elevated bumps surrounded by an intensely itchy red rash. There may be many lesions, but each one only exists for eight to 12 hours. As older ones resolve, newer ones may develop. Most of the time, urticaria resolves spontaneously within eight weeks and is treated with oral antihistamines for symptomatic relief.
Psoriasis:
Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory genetic condition in which patients develop scaling red bumps that coalesce into plaques and typically occur but are not limited to the scalp, elbows, and knees. Psoriasis is not curable; it can come and go by itself. There is a variety of treatments depending on the severity and extent of involvement, which vary from topical creams and ultraviolet light exposure to oral drugs and injectable medications. Patients with psoriasis tend to develop cardiovascular disease, which may be attributable to system-wide inflammation.
Eczema:
Atopic dermatitis (called eczema) is a genetic condition that presents in early childhood with a chronic itchy, weeping, oozing dermatitis. It tends to localize to the arm creases opposite the elbow and on the leg opposite the knee. Most patients also have inhalant allergies such as asthma and hay fever. The condition improves with age. In most but not all of those affected, allergy to a specific substance does not seem to play a role in flares of the skin rash. Treatment involves the application of emollients to wet skin and occasionally the use of topical steroids.
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